Roxb.
Fabaceae
Frequent Identify: Indian Kino
{Photograph} by: Biswarup Ganguly
Inventive Commons Attribution 3.0
Common Data
Pterocarpus marsupium is a big deciduous tree with spreading branches reaching a top of as much as 33 metres[
]. When rising underneath beneficial circumstances, the tree can produce a straight bole[
].
A multi-purpose tree producing a really priceless timber, it’s typically planted by the Indian forestry[]. The tree additionally has a variety of different makes use of – it’s generally harvested for medicinal functions in addition to offering meals and a variety of commodities. It’s grown as a shade tree in espresso plantations and is usually cultivated as a multipurpose tree in dwelling gardens and as part of agroforestry methods in India and Sri Lanka [].
Pterocarpus marsupium is closely exploited for its timber, resin and medicinal bark[
]. Its inhabitants is declining, particularly in Sri Lanka and complete populations in India are prone to be small. The tree nearly reaches the factors for ‘Weak’, however is at the moment listed as ‘Close to Threatened’ within the IUCN Crimson Checklist of Threatened Species(2017)[
].
Identified Hazards
None identified
Botanical References
Vary
E. Asia – India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka.
Habitat
Primarily present in moist or dry, blended deciduous forests in hilly areas; at elevations as much as 1,200 metres[
,
].
Properties
Cultivation Particulars
A plant discovered primarily of lowland tropical areas, discovered at elevations from 200 – 500 metres, however exceptionally to 1,200 metres[
]. It grows greatest in areas the place the imply annual temperature falls inside the vary 22 – 34°c, however can tolerate 4 – 47°c[
]. It’s present in areas the place there’s a distinct dry season, preferring a imply annual rainfall of 1,000 – 1,500mm, however tolerating 750 – 2,000mm[
].
Requires a sunny place in a properly drained soil[
]. Grows greatest in a deep, wealthy, gentle to medium soil[
]. Prefers a pH within the vary 6 – 7, however tolerates 5.5 – 7.5[
].
This species has a symbiotic relationship with sure soil micro organism, these micro organism type nodules on the roots and repair atmospheric nitrogen. A few of this nitrogen is utilized by the rising plant however some can be utilized by different crops rising close by[
].
Edible Makes use of
Flowers[
].
Seeds[
].
Medicinal
Indian kino is usually utilized in natural medication in India, the leaves, bark and mostly the resin getting used. A strongly astringent herb, it is usually alterative[
,
]. As well as, varied trials have proven a hypoglycaemic impact from an aqueous extract of the heartwood[
].
The resin obtained from wounds within the bark is astringent[
]. It accommodates about 75% kinotannic acid[
,
]. It’s used within the remedy of continual diarrhoea and the irritation brought on by gastric an infection and colitis[
].
Though it has an disagreeable flavour, it makes a great mouthwash and gargle[
]. It’s generally utilized in instances of toothache and in addition as a douche to deal with vaginal discharge[
,
].
The resin is utilized topically within the remedy of pores and skin circumstances[
].
The bark is used, both as a powder or in decoction, within the remedy of diarrhoea[
]. A decoction of the bark could be very helpful for diabetic sufferers[
].
The heartwood is taken into account to be anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and astringent. It’s used to deal with a variety of complaints[
].
The bruised leaves are used as a poultice on boils, sores and pores and skin ailments[
,
].
Agroforestry Makes use of:
Grown as shade tree for espresso plantations, and infrequently cultivated as a multipurpose tree in dwelling gardens and as part of agroforestry methods in India and Sri Lanka[]. It supplies a great bulk of leaves for inexperienced manure and in addition fixes atmospheric nitrogen[].
The tree can be used as a pioneer for revegetating the land and bettering the soil[
].
Different Makes use of
The tree yields a crimson gum referred to as ‘kino’. It’s obtained from wounds made within the bark – the crimson liquid which exudes copiously from the wound shortly hardens upon publicity to the air. The gum, which accommodates 75% kinotannic acid, has medicinal makes use of and can be used as a supply of tannins and for dyeing[,
].
The heartwood, which is saturated with the gum, could also be used to offer a yellow dye.[
].
Extracts of the wooden and bark are used as pores and skin and hair conditioners in industrial beauty preparations[
].
An extractsof the leaves is used as a pores and skin conditioner in industrial beauty preparations[].
The heartwood is yellowish brown with darker streaks[
]. The wooden is powerful, robust, very exhausting, sturdy, fine-grained, takes a positive polish and seasons properly[
,
,
]. An excellent high quality wooden, it’s used for varied functions together with musical devices, door and window frames, posts, agricultural implements, boat constructing, carts, railway carriages, railway ties and so forth[
,
].
Propagation
Seed –
If in case you have any helpful details about this plant, please go away a remark. Feedback must be authorized earlier than they’re proven right here.